Trump order will allow alternative assets like cryptocurrencies, private equity in 401(k)s

President Donald Trump will sign an executive order on Thursday to allow alternative assets such as private equity, cryptocurrencies and real estate into 401(k)s, according to a senior White House official.

The executive order will direct the U.S. Secretary of Labor to review fiduciary guidance on private market investments in 401(k) and other defined-contribution plans that are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). The federal law sets minimum standards for most retirement plans.

Trump has an executive order signing scheduled at noon. The development was first reported by Bloomberg News.

An executive order would mark a major victory for alternative asset industry, which has pushed for greater adoption of private assets in defined contribution plans under Trump’s second term in office.

Bitcoin jumped on Thursday in response to the news. Private equity stocks such as Apollo Group were slightly higher on Thursday in early trading.

Private market assets have traditionally been excluded from 401(k)s, even as they’ve been embraced by pension funds and university endowments, because their high fees, lack of transparency and longer lockup periods make them riskier investments.

Yet, private market exposure in 401(k) plans was considered permissible in 2020, when the Department of Labor under the first Trump administration issued an information letter saying it could be appropriate for defined contribution plans under certain conditions. The guidance was later affirmed by the Biden-directed agency.

Its presence has already grown. Asset managers and plan sponsors have created products for retirement vehicles in which Americans collectively hold roughly $8.7 trillion in assets, according to data on 401(k)s at the end of the first quarter of 2025 from the Investment Company Institute.

In June, BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, said it’s launching a 401(k) target date fund in the first half of 2026 that will include a 5% to 20% allocation to private investments. In May, Empower, the country’s second-largest retirement plan provider, said it’s joining asset managers such as Apollo to start allowing private assets in some accounts later this year.

—With reporting by CNBC’s Megan Cassella